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This article discusses the incarceration of women in prisons within the United States. According to a September 2014 study by the ''International Center for Prison Studies,'' nearly a third of all female prisoners worldwide are incarcerated in the United States.〔〔 The study also said there are 201,200 women prisoners in the US, or about 8.8 percent of the total American prison population, and that the US female prison population appears to be growing.〔(Nearly A Third Of All Female Prisoners Worldwide Are Incarcerated In The United States (Infographic) ) (2014-09-23), ''Forbes''〕〔(International Centre for Prison Studies )〕 ==History== In the United States, authorities began housing women in correctional facilities separate from men in the 1870s.〔Banks, Cyndi. ''Women in Prison: A Reference Handbook''. ABC-CLIO, 2003. (p.1 ). Retrieved from Google Books on March 10, 2011. ISBN 1-57607-929-5, ISBN 978-1-57607-929-4.〕 The first American female correctional facility with dedicated buildings and staff was the Mount Pleasant Female Prison in Ossining, New York; the facility had some operational dependence on nearby Sing Sing, a men's prison.〔Banks, Cyndi. ''Women in Prison: A Reference Handbook''. ABC-CLIO, 2003. (p.5 ). Retrieved from Google Books on March 10, 2011. ISBN 1-57607-929-5, ISBN 978-1-57607-929-4.〕 As of 2007, in most of the Western world, the guards on female prisons are exclusively female. Until the passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act and the 1972 Equal Employment Opportunity Act, this was true in the United States. Men usually worked in perimeter posts, such as gate posts, rather than having direct contact with female prisoners. Male employees previously had restricted positions. Both acts integrated the workforce, and after the acts passed male employees gained increasingly direct contact with female prisoners.〔 As of 2007, about 40% of prison guards in American women's prisons are men. In some facilities, most of the prison guards are men: Silja Talvi, author of ''Women Behind Bars: The Crisis of Women in the U.S. Prison System'', argued that in theory gender equality makes sense in all occupations, but in practice having male guards watch over female prisoners is problematic. At the end of 2001, in the United States 93,031 women were incarcerated in federal and state prisons, making up 6.6% of the total incarcerated population. In 2010, Over 200,000 women are behind bars, most of them women of color. Hispanic women are incarcerated nearly twice the rate of white women, and black women are incarcerated at four times the rate of white women. Within the US, the rate of female incarceration increased fivefold in a two decade span ending in 2001; the increase occurred because of increased prosecutions and convictions of offenses related to recreational drugs, increases in the severity of offenses, and a lack of community sanctions and treatment for women who violate drug laws.〔Zaitow, Barbara H. and Jim Thomas. ''Women in Prison: Gender and Social Control''. Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2003. (vii ). Retrieved from Google Books on March 10, 2011. ISBN 1-58826-228-6, ISBN 978-1-58826-228-8.〕 Tough-on-crime legislation and legislation associated with the war on drugs have been connected to the increasing rate of the incarceration of women of color from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. This rapid boom of female prisoners is something the primarily male-dominated prison system was not structurally prepared for and, as a result, female prisons often lack the resources to accommodate the specific social, mental, healthcare needs of these women.〔Acoca, L. ("Defusing the Time Bomb: Understanding and Meeting the Growing Health Care Needs of Incarcerated Women in America." ) Crime & Delinquency 44.1 (1998): 49-69. Sage Journals. Web. 12 Mar. 2012.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Incarceration of women in the United States」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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